Slide content for Level -1 (Segments can be purchased seperately. See "Segments CD's)
4 Why use the internet
5 How to use the CD
6 Security Features-Why
7 Class Content
10 Competent Examiner
11 Security Features
41 Currency
42 What is Handwriting
43 Document Examiner-defined
44 4 Disciplines
45 Graphologist-defined
46 Graphoanalyst-defined
47 Statement Analyst
48 Evolution of Handwriting
51 History of Graphology
52 Areas of Forgery
53 Definitions
57 Phenomenon
58 Talking paper
59 Senate Bill 512
60 What’s on a credit report
62 Sources of Fraud
64 Dangerous Receipt
68 Penalties for
70 Elements of Handwriting
72 6 obvious errors
78 From Blindness
89 Intersection points
90 Currency security features
91 Guess work
95 Credit card information
96 Right or left handed
106 10 Doctrines of handwriting
107 Forgers make it easy for the examiner
108 What handwriting won’t reveal
109 Stick figures
114 Aggressive child
115 Dangerous writing
117 Ellie Smith
118 Only one way to write Capital “E”
120 Do not look For
123 Picture value
124 Letter “M” differences
125 Numbers
127 Re-tracing
129 Find differences
135 Picture value
137 Mechanics of writing, check classification
178 List of Differences
179 Zones
180 Medial Letters
181 Reference points
182 Plain paper
183 Balanced writer
184 Top line
185 No wrong way
186 Margins, placement
189 Pressure patterns
190 Subconscious
191 Terminology
194 7 types of pressure
195 6 conclusive indicators of forgery
196 Baselines
199 Slant
203 Exemplars vs. Standards
204 Psychological effects
205 Tri-zonal
207 Criminal writing
208 Terminal writing
210 Connectors
211 Gayle /
Arcade’s explained
212 Connectives
214 Fingerprints vs Handwriting
216 Howard Hughes
217 Construction
218 5 types of handwriting
220 Initial emphasis
221 Spacing
222 5 categories of stroke movement
223 12 causes of letter formations
224 Conditioning of letters
227 7 types of spacing
228 Letter measurements
230 Line quality
232 Proportions
237 Speed in Handwriting
243 Analyzing Ripkey
244 Finding “differences”
245 Gayle, proportions
251 Drugs / Margins
252 How many writers
254 Newcombs theory
255 Harry Jones / speed
258 Candice, first analysis
259 Tips
263 Variations
269 Introduction to Statements.
281
Dangerous Spacing /Margins
In order to determine letter spacing, all that is required is to draw a box around the letters being measured and compare the sizes of the letters being compared between the two writings under analysis (see slides numbering 227 and 228 on your CD).
There are more than one type of spacing involved in handwriting that needs to be investigated, in fact, there are a total of eight (8). They are (1)“general spacing, (2) horizontal spacing (3) vertical spacing, (4) upper margins, (5) lower margin, (6) right hand margin and (7) left hand margins. (8) Letter spacing which will be excluded from this discussion as letter spacing is explained exhaustedly under the heading “Primary indicators of speed” in level 2.
No two writers will write with the same type of spacing or margins in the writing. Identification of a writer is made easier by not only identifying “spacing” but understanding the “whys” of spacing as well.
First lets distinguish between “general spacing, “horizontal spacing and “vertical spacing” . Where the margins are located is self explanatory. All the analyst needs is to have an understanding of the “why’s”.
General Spacing.
The general use of space is often conditioned by the purpose of the manuscript. How important is the message that is going to be conveyed. The writer subconsciously evaluates the following 4 factors.
1 The writer’s feeling for the subject, is it a pleasant or unpleasant topic.
2 How long will the manuscript be. Most persons are inclined to get a fairly short text onto one page. If the writing becomes longer than anticipated, most writers are reluctant to take the trouble of making a new page-adjustment for the sake of a couple of lines If the text is becoming longer than the writer anticipated, he will prefer to write the last lines closer together rather than start a new page. (see bottom margin)
3 The absolute size of his usual handwriting, and his spatial conditions (the ratio of the space at his disposal determines automatically whether his text will be increased in length or shortened).
4 Placement, where the text will begin on the writing surface. The majority of times this placement is habitual. (refer to slides 227and 228 on the CD.)
Horizontal Spacing
Horizontal spacing is the spacing between the words written on the paper.
NOTE: In connection with vertical spacing we must, when we are dealing with German handwriting ( that is, with texts written in the German alphabet, take into consideration a national peculiarity.
The German alphabet is , as we know, peculiar for size-ratios which differ from those of any national alphabet written in Latin letters. The medium letters are three times (instead of twice) and the long letters five times (instead of three times) the height of the short letters. Consequently the German system of handwriting tends, by it exaggeration of the upper and lower projections, to result in a “dovetailing” of the lines with the lines above and below.
Vertical spacing
By vertical spacing we understand the spatial separation of line from line.
Vertical spacing is the distance the writer maintains between the lines of writing. There are writers who will “dovetail” or “tangle” lines together. (lower projection from the base line touching the line below with consistency, and others will not dovetail at all.)
Margins
We must now distinguish between four additional features of the general spacing; the upper, lower, right hand and left hand margins.
Upper margin
Of these four we can control the upper margin in the most arbitrary fashion. We know that the possibility of an arbitrary modification of the act of writing is greatest at the beginning.
Left hand margin
A left hand margin which increases in width is as we know, a primary feature of speed and will be confirmed with a sentence impulse:(see foot note#1)
Right hand margin.
Seldom will a wide right hand margin exist with the presence of a sentence impulse. These two factors, (sentence impulse and wide right margin) will rarely be found in a single script.
NOTE: (A wide right hand margin in connection with a strong sentence impulse can occur only as the result of an aesthetic restraint of this sentence impulse.)
Bottom margin
In either a single page manuscript or multiple pages, when the lines crowd together at the bottom of the page, regardless of the size of the margin, this crowding is due to ;(1) in a quick act of writing sentence impulse), a brief postponement of the sentence impulse in order to facilitate the space left for the remainder of the text (2) in a slow act of writing this crowding adjustment is attributed to a lack of adaptability. Either way, the analyst can clearly identify two different writers, one quickly written, and one written slowly.
Let us now compare two writings, one containing a higher degree of “negativism” than the other.
"A" Click photo for better view.
Figure “A” is a writing that borders on the furthest parameters of “normality”.
The writing is slowly written, has poor spacing and erratic pressure. The base lines vacillate. As we have already learned that the beginning of a writing is easier to alter (disguise) and in script “A” it can clearly be seen the artificiality ends on the 5th line with the word “important”. The attempt to appear “normal” is overshadowed by the poor use of the Horizontal spacing where the writing clings to the end of the page. This writer must always be kept busy, has a fear of being alone, is pushy and is in constant need of someone being near by. The writer dwells on past experience and is apprehensive about the future.
In contrast, figure “B” reveals a different story.
"B"
click thumb for view.
The writer of figure “B” has literally written off the writing surface. This writer is clearly telling the reader that “I have no boundaries. I have no guide lines. I will do as I please without concern for anyone. The base lines are erratic, the pen pressure is erratic, letters vary in size,
Also clearly telegraphed to the reader is that the writing was rehearsed by the addition of words that are squeezed in between lines 5 and 7.
Many of the oval letters are open at the bottom, an accurate indicator of one who can take a life without ever suffering any afterthought or remorse, no guilt or conscience.
As you learned earlier that you will read writing in the exact speed in which it was written. As you “try” to read “B” notice how you haltingly stumble through the content.
The vast majority of indicators of criminality you have thus far learned can be found in this writing.
Note: that not only has the writer literally written off the writing surface in both the left and right margins he allowed no room at the top or the bottom.
To register, for information or "FREE SegmentCD" go to: www.catchathief.com click on "contact form": fill out contact information: submit. For security reasons, all transactions are on an invoice basis.
Please include your name, your department name, your phone number and E-mail address
www.catchathief.com
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Pricing: (see Pricing-order in the catagory column)
Segments are $39 per segment. (see Segment CD's or pricing.)
END
To busy to attend a class and just need a refresher? Check out our "segment CD's" for your department or your personal library. Tons of information. Check out the "Segment CD's for your FREE CD # 217. (Each CD contains 30+slides of training information.)
About the class: Completion of level one will qualify the successful student as an expert in forgery detection and handwriting identification.
All classes are available 24 / 7
Chapter A contents
Class content, 5 types of handwriting, areas vulnerable to forgery
, citations, 6 obvious errors, talking paper, What handwriting is, Using your scanner as a microscope, assignment ( end slide 26)
Questions and answers (re-cap) Dangerous receipt, form blindness, catch a liar cold, where's the con, detecting counterfeit, guess work, credit cards, assignment. (end slide 51
Questions and answers (re-cap), Identifying specific writers, phenomena of handwriting, introduction to picture value, what and what not to look for, only one way to do it, assignment, (end slide 88)
Questions and
answers(re-cap) Placement, Margins, Pressure patterns, indicators of
forgery, Base lines, Slant, Exemplars, Standards, Psychological effect.
( end slide 121) Testing
Chapter B contents
Questions and answers (re-cap) Medial letters, Zones, Construction, Connectives, Assignment (end slide 139)
Questions and answers (re-cap) Numbers, Retracing, Spacing, Proportions, assignment, (end slide 139)
Questions and answers, (re-cap) Speed in writing, Begin case study # 1 Assignment , (end Slide 148)
Questions and answers, (re-cap)Begin case study # 2, construction, Whats wrong, assignment, (end slide 155) Testing
Chapter C contents
Questions and answers, (re-cap)Begin case study # 2, construction, Whats wrong, assignment, (end slide 155)
Questions and answers (re-cap) Practical applications, More on speed, assignment, end (slide 170)
Q&A Physiology of handwriting ( the how)
Q&A. Newcomb's theory of probability, Testing
Chapter D contents
Hr 13 Case # 2 practical application
Hr 14 Case # 3 Practical application
Hr 15 Q&A Problem solving, determing the range of the writer, the most important words you will ever hear or use.
Hr 16 Q&A Introduction to Statement analysis (the why) Final test for certification.
Final test for certification
END
A Document is usually questioned because of it's origin, it's contents, or the circumstances and story regarding its production.
Today with the commonplace use of the Internet and the availability of personal information that is easily obtained by "tricksters" the opportunities for fraud are escalating at a frightening pace and no let up is in sight.
In an investigation of a questioned document the conscientious and competent specialist is the representative of justice and he should appreciate the responsibility of his position.
The majority of documents that come under scrunity today concern, not so much the actual document but, the writing on the document, specificaly the signature.
It would be a travesty indeed for one to undertake the identification of genuine vs. fradulent signature without at least the very basic information on how handwriting is transferred from the thought process to the actual document. It should be clearly understood that the chief source of error in reaching a scientific conclusion is the inability or lack of knowledge on the part of the examiner to fully navigate the facts.
To often the investigation of what is in fact a genuine signature or of what is in fact a crude forgery , is not taken up in a scientific investigation but is claimed to be one or the other on pure influence from others who are advocates of parties involved.
The examination of a signature is taken far to lightly and "expert opinions" have come from those who have claimed to have seen the writing before and give testimony on the grounds of familiarity. Knowledge of the complexities of an examination are a must for any "professional" who undertakes the responsibility of analysis.
The pages on this web site deal not with the document itself but focus on the signature, the physiology and psychology of handwriting. If one goes no farhter than to read the following information as to procedure in examining a "simple questioned signature" or writing, there will have to be agreement that to offer an opinion without due process would be aiding the crime under scrutiny.
Procedure: The thorough exainer gives careful attention to all of these questions no matter what the main inquiry may be. He later may be blamed for not finding what he was not asked to look for. The examiner must determine:
1 Is the signature genuie
2 Is the signature in a natural position
3 Does the writing touch other writing
4 Are witness writing genuine
5 Is the body of the document genuine
6 Does any of the writing appear disguised
7 Are the standards/exemplars genuine
8 Is the signature embossed on the back
9 Has the document been wet
10 Was the signature written 1st or last
11 How many times was the document folded
12 Was the signature written before or after folding
13 Which way was the document folded
14 Is the signature of a different design
15 Is the signature consistent with "time"
16 Is the ink consistent with "time"
17 Are there "watermarks"
18 If several sheets were used, are they the same size
19 Is paper ruled and consistent
20 Was the paper torn, burned or mutilated in any way
21 Is the paper of unusual size
22 Was the paper stapled (how many times)
23 Is paper soiled or crumpled
24 Is the paper unusual in any way
25 Are there discolorations
26 Was the paper torn or burned
27 Are there abrasions, chemical residue, substitutions or alterations
28 Is paper normal when viewed with transmitted light
29 Are there offsets of any kind
30 Where and what machine made all copies, same or different
31 Was the document wet in any way
32 Are there accidental pencil or other marks evident
33 What kind of machine process made copies (copy, press etc)
34 Were all documents made on same device
35 Was each sheet written sequentially
36 Is history consistent with dates
37 Are there added figures or words
38 Is text typed by a skilled operator
39 Are indentations , spacing, Margins, punctuation consistent
40 Can production of documents be verified
41 Is connection of pages consistent
42 Do perforations agree with stub
43 If carbon, is size consistent
44 Does printing or ruling conform
45 If document is a letter, does post mark, postage, stamps, envelope or manner of resealing or opening have any significance
46 Was writing blotted
47 Are there any indentations
48 Is sequence of ink, pin holes or cancellation marks consistent
49 Is rubber stamp consistent
50 Do eyelets, sates, fasteners have any significance
51 Are notary seals consistent
52 Do names, street addresses or events correlate or have any significance.
53 DID YOU CHECK FOR LATENT FINGER PRINTS.
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